Who Is The Leader Of The Indian National Congress

At first glance, these two historical figures could not seem more distant. Mohandas Gandhi campaigned a universal and tolerant version of religion and upheld these beliefs through his political movement. In contrast, Osama bin Laden has been credited for creating an antagonistic and combative interpretation of traditional Islam that led to some of the most gruesome acts of terror observed in the twenty first century. Although both of their ideals stand on opposite ends of the spectrum, they both achieved an influential status as religious and political leaders. Both can be credited for provoking thousands of people to act on their behalf. Although their ideologies were vastly different, these two men can both be regarded as religious extremists who made strides within their own political agendas. Gandhi once stated, â€Å"Those who say religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion is† (â€Å"Preface†). Both men used religion to convey a heavy and distinct political argument, although their practices are poles apart. Gandhi joined the leadership of the Indian National Congress; the political body that advocated India’s independence from Great Britain (â€Å"Mohandas†). By doing so, he was able to gain a platform big enough to consciously and efficiently spread his religious demonstrations of non-violence. Gandhi endorsed the principle of ahimsa to the practice of his resistance campaigns. He did not advocate the term passive resistance, but instead labeledShow MoreRelatedFirst Phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress1480 Words   |  6 Pages3/4/13 First phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress First phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress - Inform ative researched article on First phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress Sign in | Register Now History of India Art Culture | Entertainment | Health | Reference | Sports | Society | Travel in Articles Go Forum | Free E-magazine | RSS Feeds History of India : Sources of History of India | Ancient History of India | Medieval History of IndiaRead MoreThe Revolt of 18571464 Words   |  6 PagesWar of Indian Independence. It was after this that the Nationalistic Movement in the country gathered momentum. Emergence of press, development of rapid means of transport and communication, and the impact of the contemporary European movement accelerated the growth of this national sentimence. The practice of racial discrimination by the British in all spheres of life also contributed to the unity among different sections of the society to rise against a common enemy. The Phases of Indian IndependenceRead MoreIndian Nationalsim Essay648 Words   |  3 PagesIndian Nationalsim Indian nationalism was not a simple unification of Indians against colonial rule. There were many complexities involved in forming an organization that sought to speak on behalf of the people, and many of these challenges were posed to the Indian National Congress because their leadership consisted of the Hindu elite. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed through the initiative of Allen Octavian Hume, and it quickly became the chief organization representingRead MoreEssay on Mahatma Gandhi1642 Words   |  7 PagesAfter completing his studies he returned to India. He started his practice at Bombay. But he did not do well there. Then he went to Rajkot. He was not a successful lawyer because he did not like to plead false cases, but oneday he was called by a big Indian Merchant in South Africa to conduct a law suit in a court. He went to Africa. Gandhi remained in South Africa for twenty years, suffering imprisonment many times. In 1896, after being attacked and humiliated by white South Africans, Gandhi began toRead MoreImpact of Regional Political Parties1314 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact of Regional Political Parties in Indian Politics? Till 1967, in India there was a single party rule. Even in States also there was a domination of Congress party. But, the scenario changed after 1967. Other parties started coming to power in the states. There will be different party in the centre and in the states. Regional parties started entering Indian political system. From 1980s we can see the coalition government in the centre. Congress last its domination and regional partiesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof the party’s leader. This period of time became known as the Jacksonian Democracy. Jackson’s supporters formed the Democratic Party to support Jackson, in the 1828 presidential election. President Adams supporters called themselves National Republicans. John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson fought for the Presidential title. John C. Calhoun was Jackson’s vice presidential running mate. The 1828 election focused on the candidates’ personalities. Andrew Jackson was a war hero who had been born poorRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Essence Of His Movement1613 Words   |  7 PagesSecular Gandhi and Essence of his movement in Revolutionizing Congress Mahatma Gandhi was a political and spiritual leader, though not in a religious sense. He was a religious person but believed that all religions were equal and did not advocate on religion over another. Gandhi was born in 1869 in Porbandar on the Western coast of India and raised by Hindu parents, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi found many opportunities in his youth to meet people of all faiths. He had many Christian and Muslim friendsRead MoreEssay about Gandhi and his passive Resistace to Great Britain in War I1040 Words   |  5 Pages Mohandas Gandhi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as mahatma Gandhi, was a Indian nationalist leader, who established his countrys freedom through a nonviolent revolution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gandhi became a leader in a difficult struggle, the Indian campaign for home rule. He believed and dedicated his life to demonstrating that both individuals and nations owe it to themselves to stay free, and to allow the same freedom to others. Gandhi was oneRead MoreEssay on Gandhi`s Passion Towards Helping Indians1125 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a small coastal town in the western region of British ruled India on October 2, 1867. Gandhi’s father was a politician and served as Prime Minister to a number of local Indian Princes. His mother, Putilibai, was Gandhi’s father’s fourth wife. His parents were not well educated but his mother was literate. Despite their educational problems they were well off and owned several houses in Porbandar, and in nearby villages. BecauseRead MoreLeadership Styles : Nelson Mandela And Mahatma Gandhi s Peace Movement1209 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the power of two historical leaders using different leadership styles offers a foundation and direction that can be used in future conflicts to evolve positive change. Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi exemplified to the world that when disharm ony shows its ugly face, there can be other ways to fight for change. Mandela’s efforts in the South African Apartheid beginning in 1948 and ending in 1994, chose forceful recognition while Gandhi working in the Peace Movement beginning in 1893

Religion and Social Change - 1217 Words

â€Å"Religion can be both a conservative force and an initiator of social change†. To what extent to sociological arguments/evidence support this view. There is great debate concerning the role of religion in society, and whereas some claim that religion acts as a conservative force (that is, it inhibits change), others argue that religion is a major contributor to social change. As would be expected, many sociologists have took the middle ground, and argue that religion can act as both as conservative force, and an initiator of change. The view that religion acts as a conservative force stems from the structuralist theories of Functionalism and Marxism. Both see religion as facilitating the existence of society in its current form,†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the most influential sociologist that advocates the view that religion can cause changes in society is Max Weber, whose book, â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism† examines how Protestantism played a role in changing society into a capitalist state. He proposes that the beliefs of ascetic Calvinist Protestantism created a work ethic which was conducive to the development of capitalism. Calvinists held a belief in â€Å"predestination†, that is, God allocates your place in either heaven or hell before you are born. This created a psychological problem for Calvinists, as they could not be sure as to whether they were amongst the â€Å"elect†. To solve this problem, they developed a set of values that embodied har d work, thrift and the accumulation of wealth, as surely God would not let the ungodly to prosper. These values naturally lend themselves to the â€Å"spirit of capitalism†, and Weber claims that this is why Capitalism first developed in Northern Europe, where Calvinism was most prominent. There have been many criticisms of Weber’s work however. Many claim that he misinterpreted Calvinism, and in fact, ascetic Protestants are against greed and the pursuit of money for its own sake. Many also argue that Weber misplaced causality, and many countries whereShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Social Change in Religion748 Words   |  3 PagesThe Social Change in Religion Religion has two meanings in sociology, the inclusive definition also known, as the functional definition is the most general and refers to following a set of rules or rituals. This could include football and vegetarianism, as well as more traditional religions such as Christianity and Judaism. The exclusive definition, also known as the substantive, requires a belief in a god or similar higher being. This is the definition I will beRead MoreEssay on religion and social change1102 Words   |  5 Pages Religion on social change This essay is to assess the contribution of religion as a cause of social change and what it has cause throughout the years, some say that religion acts as a conservative force, other say it is a major contributor of social change and some like to take the middle ground on this topic. Religion to sociologist can be seen in two types of ways which is either a conservative force (keeping thing the way they are) or a force for change. Those who see it as a conservativeRead MoreReligion, Acceptance, And Social Change1209 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout time, the views of homosexuality throughout a country can change. Whether its religion, acceptance, laws, or social change, the views will evolve. Greece serves as an example of a country that was once accepting of homosexuality, but is slowly progressing to not be as accepting. In Ancient Greece, homosexual relationships occurred regularly between an older man, and a younger child. As stated on pbs.org,† Traditionally these relationships involved an older man and a youth and lasted untilRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion And Social Change1814 Words   |  8 Pagesstudy of religion has produced a range of interdisciplinary perspectives because of the sheer diversity of religious beliefs and practices, which have evolved with human history. Sociologists have theorised, to what extent religious practices and beliefs have been socially constructed, and, how these religious constructions shape other institutions and discourses throughout society and their impac t on modernity. This essay focuses on the relationship between religion and social change as proposedRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion and Social Change Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship Between Religion and Social Change In this essay I will analyze and evaluate the relationship between religion and social change in several ways. I will look at the work of various sociologists and their findings and norm’s etc. One simple argument is that in technologically underdeveloped societies religion arises as a means of explaining the unexplained. Religion, in such societies, is organized into ceremonies that involve strict hierarchicalRead MoreReligion May Encourage Rather Than Inhibit Social Change Essay examples697 Words   |  3 PagesReligion May Encourage Rather Than Inhibit Social Change There are many arguments for and against the notion of religion encouraging change in society. In his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber examines the possible relationship between the rise in Calvinism, a denomination of Protestantism, and the growth of industrialisation (or capitalism). He says that the guidelines laid down by this religion state a man must have a calling inRead MoreUsing material from Item A and elsewhere assess the contribution of religion to social change (18 marks)1000 Words   |  4 PagesReligion can be powerful under the right certain circumstances for social change. However it can be argued that religion can be a conservative force. Weber argues that religious beliefs contributed to major social change- specifically the emergence of modern capitalism in Northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Modern capitalism differs from capitalism as it is based on systematic, efficient and a rational pursuit of profit and profit for its own sake rather than consumption. Weber callsRead MoreReligion as a Conservative Force Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesReligion as a Conservative Force ‘Conservative forces’ in this context can be defined as forces, which protect the existing social order, and radical forces being the opposite of conservative forces are those, which promote change. ‘’ Religion is essentially a conservative force in society and if that is true than it would also be true that religion can also play a part in social change.’ To evaluate whether religion is a conservative force or a forceRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesApproach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social action, Read MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1332 Words   |  6 Pagesfascinated by religion science as they talked about different religion in depth that exist on earth and various perspectives of well known people on the study of religion. I chose Karl Marx and Max Weber for my paper assignment. Two sociologists and philosophers have discussed their views on religion and its impact on society. Most of the Sociologist of that time wrote about the role of religion in society, Karl Marx and Max Weber observations are particularly relevant for our course. Religion is one of

Memory †The mysterious phenomenon Free Essays

Memory, a phenomenon which has been bewildering scientists and philosophers is san entity that needs to be analyzed very carefully for finding out the truth behind it. Going deep in to the subject, memory comes under a prominent branch of neuroscience called the cognitive neuroscience. The basic factors that lead to the phenomenon of memory are reception of information, processing, storage and recollection. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory – The mysterious phenomenon or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are various factors that affect each of these processes. Based on this memory is broadly classified in to three heads. They are: 1) long-term memory 2) short-term memory and 3) sensory memory Long-term memory Long term memory refers to those memories that are stored in the brain for a considerably prolonged period of time with out any loss. Here when an idea is stored in long-term memory, the information is stored in a semantically encoded format. As a result of this it is easier for us to remember a telephone number by virtue of repeating the same but it is difficult to memorize a random ten digit number. For the later case the encoding format is acoustic and hence the information is stored in short-term memory. Baddeley, the great researcher on human memory has found out that when given a test to recollect words uttered was given to a group of respondents the result was that people failed to recall words with same meanings like small, tiny, minute etc.. Short-term memory This is a much more volatile memory that stores information just for a period of several seconds to few minutes with out memorizing it by heart. George A. Miller, held various demonstrations and the conclusion was that the storage capacity of short -term memory was just 7  ± 2 entities (he presented a paper entitled â€Å"The magical number 7 ±2†). In the present day the projected capability of short-term memory is still less. But hen the same group of words or letters, for an example is presented in different order, greater are the chances for recollecting it. For example it is difficult to recollect the string FBIUNOASDFUS But when the same string is presented as below, greater chances re there for anyone to recollect it FBI UNO ASDF US. In the first combination of letters the information was lying stray with no order to memorise, whereas in the second one, they have an opportunity to memorise it as bits which could be identified to something that they know. Short-term memory relies on the phonemes and the acoustic symbols for retaining information. Visual codes are rarely converted to short-term memory. Conrad a renowned researcher on human memory found out that the subjects of his experiments had difficulty in identifying and recollecting acoustically confusing phonemes and words like he, ghee, bee, see, etc.. Sensory memory This kind of memory refers to the memory that is retained in the receivers mind for about 200 to 500 milliseconds, once the information is acquired. Hence this is highly volatile and short-life memory. Sensory Memory can be identified as the ability to identify the specific features of an item, let it be a sound or an object by virtue of an observation of the same for a fraction of a second. George Sperling is the pioneer to conduct experiments on Sensory Memory. Respondents were provided with a set of 12 letters, which were made into 3 rows of four each. After completing a small introduction, the candidates were then made to hear either a high, medium or low pitch tone, providing them info regarding which of the rows to report. On the base of this experiments, Sperling demonstrated that the range of sensory memory was about 12 items, but also found that it degenerated at a much more faster pace (it only had the life span of a few milliseconds and hence highly momentary). The main negative part of this kind of memory is that any sort of rehearsals do no not enhance the longevity. What is memory? Present day neuroscience and scientists are with the stream of thought that memory is a group of neural connections which are encoded so as to retrieve for future references. This sort of memory encoding may happen in different parts of the brain. Thus, a network of neural communication is likely to link various parts of the brain. The strength of the memory depends up on the strength of the neural connections. Recollection or calling back of any bit of memory can happen whenever a positive stimulus that trigger the particular part of the networked neural connections. As a result of this, when a part of the brain gets damaged, the neural network present there and obviously the memories associated with the particular neural connections is lost for ever. Why do we forget things? Forgetting can better be explained as an inability to keep memories secure. This is a condition when ideas and images perceived are either lost in full or part. The reasons for forgetting are many. The prominent factors that lead to forgetting include. 1. Poor encoding (this is why we forget dreams that we see while asleep. Encoding refers to converting the sounds, visuals, taste, smell tc. To corresponding chemical / neurological codes); 2. Unavailability of a retrieval mechanism (if there is no proper stimuli to trigger the memory, the information remains dormant); 3. Time factor : when a recent incident happens, the older data are sometimes wiped off from memory (We tend to forget exact dates of our vehicle insurance, when you have some 5 cars and 4 cruisers! ); 4. Continuous similar experiences (You may have memories of the first instance when you visited London, but if you fly London Every year, you many not remember when you landed for the fifth time! ) The Chemistry of memory! The human brain is a highly complicated organ with more than 20 billion nerve cells (neurons), about 150 trillion nerve connecters or synapses; an average of 7500 synapses per neuron within the brain, anyway, some neurons may have as many as 900,000 as well. Due to repair and safety from glial cells that protects the neurons, some nerve cells will be alive till the organism cease to live, however, it is calculated that about 85,000 neurons wear out everyday in the brain. The most prominent doubt regarding memory is the place / location where it is being stored. It was in 1960’s that the theory of Long-Term Potentiation (L. T. P) and it counter theory called opposite Long Term Depression came in to existence as molecularmemory postulates. Long-term potentiation refers to the reinforcement of neuron relations through elevating synaptic ion movements. In all connections of neurons there exists a synapse through which chemical neurotransmitters moves unhindered from the axonates and axons of the transmitting cell to the dendrites of the corresponding receiver cell. Neuro-transmitters like acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine function in free flow of complex electrical signals between nerve cells, muscle cells and sensory cells. Where as in the mean time, inside the cell, the protein pumps located in the cell membrane and channels frequently retains a constantresting potential of – 70 m V by virtue of moving sodium cations on the outer part of the cell against a specific gradient. Presence of neurotransmitter into a receiver neuron located in the membrane part of a post-synaptic dendrite triggers and starts de-polarization of the specific membrane by the influence of calcium and sodium ions, this again results in the building of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels to unlock, permitting rapid flow of calcium and sodium ions, this is then followed by the inflow of potassium ions . as a result of this ion flow, depolarization happens once again to + 40 m V. As a result of this continuous process, â€Å"action potential† rapidly happens in the cell membrane to the axon , axonates and the pre-synaptic cleft, thus repeating this each and every time the signal reaches a neuron. Once the action potential has completed, the voltage gated channels close by themselves, and the potassium and sodium pumps makes the cell membrane to return to their original potential. All these happens in milliseconds, thus permitting multiple contradictory signals in swift momentum.. Memory Disorders The branch of Human psychology and neurology is the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of many of the known memory disorders. In general the loss or degeneration of memory is termed as amnesia. Amnesia is of different categories. Analysing it can reveal the various forms of it and helps in the proper treatment as well. Many neuron related conditions like Alzheimer’s disease may also result in full or partial memory loss. Hyperthymesia, also called hyperthymesic syndrome, is a serious memory disorder which has adverse effect on retention of personal memory. Some sort of memory loss can be symptom of hypothyroidism a severe medical condition. Increasing oxygen supply to the brain, is considered as one among the foremost techniques to improve memory. This can be achieved by doing exercises like swimming, bicycle riding, gymnastics etc.. Tips to improve memory Many factors to improve memory was furnished by the report published by ‘The International Longevity Center’ in the year 2001 (pages 14-16) The study recommends to stick to the following to improve memory stay intellectually active through learning, training or reading, keep physically active so as to make blood circulation in the brain more active, socialize, reduce stress to the maximum possible extend, observe regular sleep timings, avoid depression or emotional strain and good nutrition. How to cite Memory – The mysterious phenomenon, Papers